answers1: The Russian Revolution of 1917 had been brewing since at
least 1904. The Tsarist regieme did try to adapt a more western style
of goverment, even forming a Duma (Parliment) but this was not enough
for a number of groups that hated the ideas of Monarchy. The 1914
battles and subsequent loss of Land, the German interferance and
finally the Finland Station action where the Germans introduced Lenin
back from Exhile into the Russian State was the final act to an
already destroyed country. Ironically the Russians where on the verge
of creating the same situation the Germans found themselves in 1942,
logistics stretched to full, insurgents creating problems in rear
areas and no extra troops to spare. If they had stayed in the War,
then with the Actions on the Western Front and other theatres of
conflict there woud have been a quicker defeat and no Kaiser Battles
of 1918.
answers2: The most important one to know is the "Monument to the Third
International", which was a piece of architecture. It was never
actually built, but a model was and it is mentioned in virtually all
modern art history text books. Vladimir Tatlin was the Architect. It
was designed both for media and state purposes - having places for
government officials to meet/work as well as radio broadcast and
telegraph. The "Third International"; just to give you some background
knowledge, was also known as the "Communist International", or
"Comintern", and the purpose of it was suppose to be to spread
Marxism-Leninism throughout the world via revolution; all the original
"Communist" parties of various countries were formed with its help and
a part of it. <br>
<br>
Next you should check out the "Constructivism" and "Suprematism"
movements, which used geometrical shapes and patterns to
metaphorically portray social change and movements of the masses. The
person to really know here is Alexander Rodchenko. <br>
<br>
Basically after Lenin died and Trotsky was exiled from the Soviet
Union and Stalin began to accumulate more and more power these
Avant-garde modern art movements in the USSR began to be replaces by
"Socialist Realism"; which stoically attempted to portray the everyday
lives of workers, peasants and soldiers as well as idealistically
portray national leaders like Lenin and Stalin ... as well as founders
of Marxism; Karl Marx and Frederick Engels. Lenin was against the
building of a cult of personality in this way, but Stalin used Lenin's
image to propagandize the idea that he was "the Lenin of today"; i.e.
kind of Lenin's "disciple" and most brilliant student - even though
Lenin essentially said he would be a dangerous man to have power after
he died in "Better Fewer, but Better". <br>
<br>
Later on in the 1930's Mexican artist, Diego Rivera, did some murals
which portrayed socialist ideas; such as "Man at the Center of the
Universe" which was commissioned by Rockefeller and can still be found
at Rockefeller Center in NYC today. <br>
<br>
As for early avant-garde Soviet music check out Alexander Mosolov
"Iron Foundry", also known as "Op. 19", which is referred to as
"Factory machine music". Most people think Industrial music began in
the 1970's with bands like "Kraftwerk", but really it has its deepest
roots in very Early Soviet composers like Mosolov. <br>
<br>
Hope that helps.
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